Thursday, June 7, 2007
Hints for the final
Final Homework
Read the below interview and answer the following quesitons
-How does Lee Kwan Yew see America as different from Singapore
- Why are the two different?
-Look at the list down at the very bottom and explain how Lee Kwan Yew's view reflect the ideals of Confucius.Each answer should be a long paragraph and you must cite specific details from the essay. Fail to do so and you will get a very low score. YOU MUST CITE SPECIFICS
Last item - In one long paragraph explain how the laws of Singapore reflect Lee's views of government.
Basic Facts
Singapore's per capita GNP is now higher than that of its erstwhile colonizer, Great Britain.
It has the world's busiest port, is the third-largest oil refiner and a major center of global manufacturing and service industries.
And this move from poverty to plenty has taken place within one generation.
In 1965 Singapore ranked economically with Chile, Argentina and Mexico; today its per capita GNP is four or five times theirs.
Singapore's government can best be described as a "soft" authoritarian regime.
On America
But as a total system, I find parts of it totally unacceptable: guns, drugs, violent crime, vagrancy, unbecoming behavior in public -- in sum the breakdown of civil society. The expansion of the right of the individual to behave or misbehave as he pleases has come at the expense of orderly society. In the East the main object is to have a well-ordered society so that everybody can have maximum enjoyment of his freedoms. This freedom can only exist in an ordered state and not in a natural state of contention and anarchy.
America has a vicious drug problem. How does it solve it? It goes around the world helping other antinarcotic agencies to try and stop the suppliers. It pays for helicopters, defoliating agents and so on. And when it is provoked, it captures the president of Panama and brings him to trial in Florida. Singapore does not have that option. We can't go to Burma and capture warlords there. What we can do is to pass a law which says that any customs officer or policeman who sees anybody in Singapore behaving suspiciously, leading him to suspect the person is under the influence of drugs, can require that man to have his urine tested. If the sample is found to contain drugs, the man immediately goes for treatment. In America if you did that it would be an invasion of the individual's rights and you would be sued.
The liberal, intellectual tradition that developed after World War II claimed that human beings had arrived at this perfect state where everybody would be better off if they were allowed to do their own thing and flourish. It has not worked out, and I doubt if it will. Certain basics about human nature do not change. Man needs a certain moral sense of right and wrong. There is such a thing called evil, and it is not the result of being a victim of society. You are just an evil man, prone to do evil things, and you have to be stopped from doing them. Westerners have abandoned an ethical basis for society, believing that all problems are solvable by a good government, which we in the East never believed possible.
On Asia and Families
LKY: I don't think there is an Asian model as such. But Asian societies are unlike Western ones. The fundamental difference between Western concepts of society and government and East Asian concepts -- when I say East Asians, I mean Korea, Japan, China, Vietnam, as distinct from Southeast Asia, which is a mix between the Sinic and the Indian, though Indian culture also emphasizes similar values -- is that Eastern societies believe that the individual exists in the context of his family. He is not pristine and separate. The family is part of the extended family, and then friends and the wider society. The ruler or the government does not try to provide for a person what the family best provides.
In the West, especially after World War II, the government came to be seen as so successful that it could fulfill all the obligations that in less modern societies are fulfilled by the family. This approach encouraged alternative families, single mothers for instance, believing that government could provide the support to make up for the absent father. This is a bold, Huxleyan view of life, but one from which I as an East Asian shy away. I would be afraid to experiment with it. I'm not sure what the consequences are, and I don't like the consequences that I see in the West. You will find this view widely shared in East Asia. It's not that we don't have single mothers here. We are also caught in the same social problems of change when we educate our women and they become independent financially and no longer need to put up with unhappy marriages. But there is grave disquiet when we break away from tested norms, and the tested norm is the family unit. It is the building brick of society.
There is a little Chinese aphorism which encapsulates this idea: Xiushen qijia zhiguo pingtianxia. Xiushen means look after yourself, cultivate yourself, do everything to make yourself useful; Qijia, look after the family; Zhiguo, look after your country; Pingtianxia, all is peaceful under heaven. We have a whole people immersed in these beliefs. My granddaughter has the name Xiu-qi. My son picked out the first two words, instructing his daughter to cultivate herself and look after her family. It is the basic concept of our civilization. Governments will come, governments will go, but this endures. We start with self-reliance. In the West today it is the opposite. The government says give me a popular mandate and I will solve all society's problems.
And through all that turbulence, the family, the extended family, the clan, has provided a kind of survival raft for the individual. Civilizations have collapsed, dynasties have been swept away by conquering hordes, but this life raft enables the civilization to carry on and get to its next phase. Nobody here really believes that the government can provide in all circumstances. The government itself does not believe it. In the ultimate crisis, even in earthquakes and typhoons, it is your human relationships that will see you through. So the thesis you quote, that the government is always capable of reinventing itself in new shapes and forms, has not been proven in history. But the family and the way human relationships are structured, do increase the survival chances of its members. That has been tested over thousands of years in many different situations.
On the Quickness of Change
LKY: There is acute change in East Asia. We are agricultural societies that have industrialized within one or two generations. What happened in the West over 200 years or more is happening here in about 50 years or less. It is all crammed and crushed into a very tight time frame, so there are bound to be dislocations and malfunctions. If you look at the fast-growing countries -- Korea, Thailand, Hong Kong, and Singapore -- there's been one remarkable phenomenon: the rise of religion. Koreans have taken to Christianity in large numbers, I think some 25 percent. This is a country that was never colonized by a Christian nation. The old customs and religions -- ancestor worship, shamanism -- no longer completely satisfy. There is a quest for some higher explanations about man's purpose, about why we are here. This is associated with periods of great stress in society. You will find in Japan that every time it goes through a period of stress new sects crop up and new religions proliferate. In Taiwan -- and also in Hong Kong and Singapore -- you see a rise in the number of new temples; Confucianist temples, Taoist temples and many Christian sects.
We are all in the midst of very rapid change and at the same time we are all groping towards a destination which we hope will be identifiable with our past. We have left the past behind and there is an underlying unease that there will be nothing left of us which is part of the old. The Japanese have solved this problem to some extent. Japan has become an industrial society, while remaining essentially Japanese in its human relations. They have industrialized and shed some of their feudal values. The Taiwanese and the Koreans are trying to do the same. But whether these societies can preserve their core values and make this transition is a problem which they alone can solve. It is not something Americans can solve' for them. Therefore, you will find people unreceptive to the idea that they be Westernized. Modernized, yes, in the sense that they have accepted the inevitability of science and technology and the change in the lifestyles they bring.
LKY: Let's not get into a debate on semantics. The system of government in China will change. It will change in Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam. It is changing in Singapore. But it will not end up like the American or British or French or German systems. What are we all seeking? A form of government that will be comfortable, because it meets our needs, is not oppressive, and maximizes our opportunities. And whether you have one-man, one-vote or some-men, one vote or other men, two votes, those are forms which should be worked out. I'm not intellectually convinced that one-man, one-vote is the best. We practice it because that's what the British bequeathed us and we haven't really found a need to challenge that. But I'm convinced, personally, that we would have a better system if we gave every man over the age of 40 who has a family two votes because he's likely to be more careful, voting also for his children. He is more likely to vote in a serious way than a capricious young man under 30. But we haven't found it necessary yet. If it became necessary we should do it. At the same time, once a person gets beyond 65, then it is a problem. Between the ages of 40 and 60 is ideal, and at 60 they should go back to one vote, but that will be difficult to arrange.
Confucius
-Stress on relationships
-Importance of the family
-The importance of rising through merit
-Benevolence of rulers
-Soft Authoritarian
-Male Dominance
-Stress on the continuity of the culture
-Importance of Wisdom
-Non-Consumer mentality
Japanese word for different also means wrong
More Final Info
An example of a primary sector activity is
A Education
B Manufacturing
C Mining
D Retailing
E Shipping
3. Per capita means?
A. for each person
B. the number of countries below the poverty level
C. the distribution of wealth within a country
D. the spatial distribution of global wealth
E. the level of industry within a country
44. Thomas Malthus concluded that
A population increased arithmetically while population increased geometrically
B the world's rate of population increase was higher than food production
C moral restrain was already and definitively producing lower NIR's
D population growth was inevitably going to end in war or famine every time
45. One important feature of the world's population that is most likely going to have the most important
future implications
A It is increasing at a slower pace
B there are more people alive today than ever before
C the most rapid growth is in the less developed countries
D people are uniformly distributed across the globe
E many countries now have negative population growth increase rates
Clash of Civilizations
Absolute versus poverty
Core-periphery
Adding on Qs later today
Wednesday, June 6, 2007
Final Questions Part 1
Who drew the borders of Africa and how can you tell - geometric borders and differing tribes in the same country - not nation-states
Europeans came in to exploit Africa economically - they had all of the inventions and machine guns and wanted to get the material and cheap labor that Africa had to offer
Europeans set up corrupt governments - governments based off of greed and corruption and ones that would set one tribe above another
Europeans also made these countries into mono economies that sold one or so raw materials. Like Latin America, many of these countries ended up having labor intensive industries like plantations or mining industries which profited a few but which could not help the workers to rise up
These types of jobs had a low multiplier effect for the countries and the areas economies. That is these jobs do not help to create other jobs. They are low wage jobs so the people do not make a lot of extra money (disposable income) and these jobs do not help to create other industries. For example, the headquarters of Boeing here in Chicago helps to create other jobs whereas a plantation does not need other jobs.
Africa was hard to explore or to wander from for a variety of reasons- rivers contained waterfalls; hard to cross terrain; lots of diseases; Sahara desert; oceans
When did much of Africa develop farming- after European invasion - lacked inventions due to isolation
1. in the demographic transition chart, the top line represents
a crude birth rate
b crude death rate
c the amount of growth
d the number of people
e the natural rate of increase
2. in the demographic transition chart, the lower line represents
a crude birth rate
b crude death rate
c the amount of growth
d the number of people
e the natural rate of increase
3. in the demographic transition chart, the space between the lines represents
a crude birth rate
b crude death rate
c the amount of growth
d the number of people
e the natural rate of increase
4. in the demographic transition chart, the part to the left
a represents an earlier part of history and goes along with popular culture
b represents a later part of history and goes along with popular culture
c represents an earlier part of history and goes along with folk culture
d represents a later part of history and goes along with popular culture
5. in the demographic transition chart, the part to the right
a represents an earlier part of history and goes along with popular culture
b represents a later part of history and goes along with popular culture
c represents an earlier part of history and goes along with folk culture
d represents a later part of history and goes along with popular culture
6. In the demographic transition chart, the highest growth rate occurs in stage
a 1
b 2
c 3
d 4
e 5
7. In which stage do the most developed societies exist
a 1
b 2
c 3
d 4
e 5
8. a pyramid with a wide base and a narrow top that does not go up too high goes along with a country
a that is developing and has population growth but lower life expectancies
b an advanced country with zero population growth and lower life expectancies
c an advanced country with high population growth and high life expectancies
d an advanced country with country with zero population growth and high life expectancies
9. a pyramid with a rectangular look that tapers at the top indicates
a that is developing and has population growth but lower life expectancies
b an advanced country with zero population growth and lower life expectancies
c an advanced country with high population growth and high life expectancies
d an advanced country with country with zero population growth and high life expectancies
10. On the population pyramid, the area to the right
a represents women
b represents men
c represents age
d represents nothing, it just mirrors the left
11. In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of
A) homogeneous groups.
B) sense of family and community
C) groups living in isolated rural areas.
D) groups that have little interaction with other groups.
E) groups living in large cities
12. Popular culture is linked to the demographic transition chart in that it
A) tends to occur in MDC's
B) has family values that have changed to the point where alternate lifestyles and divorce are allowed
C) has values that shift over time
D) can be expected in countries like the U.S. where women are going to college in larger numbers than men
E) All of the above
13. Folk culture includes all of the following except
a homogeneous
b family
c less development
d individuality
14. Popular culture includes all of the following except
a heterogeneous
b more family values
c more development
d individuality
15. Hitler wanted Germany
a to adapt more popular values
b to keep its folk values
c to move on to stage 4 of the demographic transition
d to go back to stage 1 of the demographic transition with high birth and death rates
16. According to GGS, farming
a leads to a society with many different job
b leads to inventions
c leads to food surpluses and an increase in population
d leads to gunpowder and germs
e all of the above
17. According to GGS, the European beat the Aztecs because
a they had disease immunities
b the East-Wet axis forced them to have better military skills
c they had more inventions due to their better farming techniques and more developed societies
d because they had steel
e all of the above
18. According to GGS, having livestock
a means you have a better chance of dying of disease and is not good
b means you develop diseases first and get the immunities first making you more powerful
c is not an advantage or disadvantage
d means you will not farm
19. According to GGS, Eurasia
a had 13 of the 14 ancestors to all of the large animals
b had an advantage because it is the longest landmass going East to West
c had a greater variety of plants
d all of the above
20. A nation-state is
a a group of people who want a country
b an ethnic group that wants its own state
c the same thing. nation means state
d nothing- it is a made up word
21. Stop crying during the exam and just put down the letter A for this one (freebie)
23. (T/F) Women live longer than men
24. In more developed countries, you would expect their population pyramid to
a look like a rectangle with a small pyramid on top
b to have lower to no population growth
c to have a bulge at the top towards the right
d all of the above
e none of the above
25. In population pyramids, the left and right sides
a separate young from old
b separate newborns from others
c distinguish between men and women
d none of the above
26. Heterogeneous means
a many differing types
b one type
c a group of people with one trait
d none of the above
27. Who in the hell are you
a someone trying to pass this test
b someone crying alone in a corner
c in your mind you are Sroth, Lord of the Dragons and Future Ruler or all Things Dungeons and Dragons
d all of the above (must answer this to get it right)
28. An example of a country with zero to negative population growth is
a Japan
b Mexico
c India
d Indonesia
29. An example of a country with a high population growth is
a France
b England
c Australia
d India
e none of the above
30. Both stage one and stage four of the demographic transition chart
a have low growth rate
b have nothing in common
c have high birth and death rates
d have low birth and death rates
31. Answer A and take your free point and go home crying
32. These are the jobs of the manufacturing area
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
33. These are the jobs that involve mining and farming
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
34. This field involves information and college educated white collar workers
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
35. This field offers is on-white collar but is not manufacturing or involved in farming and mining
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
36. What are the three core areas
Africa Latin America and Asia
Japan China and the Koreas
America Japan and Europe
Africa Asia and the Americas
37. In the old core-periphery model
The core extracted raw materials
The core mainly engaged in quaternary industries
The core countries colonized periphery countries
The core manufactured and the peripheries extracted raw materials
Both C and D
38. Mexico
Owns most of its own industries
Owns about half of its industries
Does not own any auto companies and almost no television companies that exist in the country
Owns no industries at all
39The green revolution
Started in the year 10000 bc
Involves genetic engineering
Involves better fertilizers
Has not helped any societies get more food
Both A and C
40. (T/F) GGS explains that Latin American countries had a higher percentage of farmers which meant less time was spent inventing, developing their military and creating a socially stratified society
41Core countries have been losing jobs in this field to the periphery
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
42(T/F) Latin America is a North-South Axis and this means that the people have had little chance of meeting other to get diseases, little chance of finding plants and animals for farming but have had lots of military contact and conflicts
43The only large animal indigenous to the Americas was
Horse
Llama
Goats
Bison
44According the demographic transition chart
Stage one is folk and stage four is popular and it goes from less to more developed
Stage one is less developed and has low birth rates
Stage four has high birth rates
Stage four and one have low growth rates
Both a and d
45The highest growth in the demo trans occurs in
1
2
3
4
none
46(T/F) Stage four has low growth because of women’s rights, higher education levels, and more use of birth control and more stress on the community
47. The lowest growth occurs at what stage of the demographic transition
1
2
3
4
None
48. (T/F) The Ivory Coast is a Monoeconomy
49.. Monoeconomies are more likely to
Be LDCs
Have little social stratification or social mobility
Are more likely to have bad governments
All of the above
50.. Boom and bust relates to
Monoeconomies
Developed countries
Rise and fall of governments
All of the above
None of the above
51. (T/F) Monoeconomies are more likely to be former colonies
52. According to the core-periphery model, colonized countries
Were dependent on core countries for manufactured goods
Did not become dependent at all
Ended up ahead of the core countries
Ended up as monoeconomies in most cases
Both a and d
53. According to the Demographic transition this stage has the longest life spans
1
2
3
4
55. T/F Eurasia had 13 of the 14 large animal ancestors and 32 of the 56 large grass ancestors which made the area more likely to start farms.
56. MDC's and then LDC's and the Hunter-Gatherers had what percentage of people working on the food supply for their people
A 50, 2, 75
B 25, 80, 100
C 2, 50, 100
D 25, 60, 90
E none of the above
57. Pakistan was one of the countries to form after the break up of India after colonization, what was another
A Nepal
B Mongolia
C Bangladesh
D Thailand
E None of the above
58. Who was the leader of the Hindus in the film and then the first leader of India
A Nehru
B Jinnah
C Nefrsa
D Gandhi
E None of the above
59. What product did Gandhi make for himself in the film because he would not buy it from the British
A. Food
B. Salt
C. Clothing
D. Furniture
E Both B and C
60. What city did Gandhi go to in the end because he wanted to end the violence between Hindus and Muslims
A Delhi
B Bangalore
C Nepal
D Calcutta
E Bombay
61. Africa borders were drawn by the Europeans this way in many cases
A Operational
B Geometric
C Elongated
D Along nation lines to form nation-states
E none of the above
62. Chile is an example of an
A elongated state
B compact state
C a nation-state
D a state-nation
E none of the above
63. A compact state would be
A rectangular
B circular
C Ovular
D an island
E none of the above
64. T/F India and China have the two fastest growing economies in the world right now.
65. Zebras are known to
A cause the most zoo accidents
B dodge lassos
C not get domesticated
D All of the above
66. When choosing an animal to eat, people have usually gone for animals that are
A tame
B not pack animals
C vegetarians
D large mammals weighing over 100 pounds
E all of the above
67. Epidemics are usually found in what stage of the demographic transition
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
E none
68. Countries that average around 3 children per family will likely be in what stage
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
E none
69. In order to reproduce the current population and keep the country stable, the average family must have around____________children
A 1.9-2.0
B 2.1-2.4
C 2.5-2.7
D 3
E None of the above
70. LAT's go along with
A popular culture
B folk culture
C no culture
D all cultures
E none of the above
71. African countries in general are at stage
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
72. Asian countries in general are at stage
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
73. Latin America countries in general are at stage
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
74. European countries in general are at stage
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
75. People die of heart disease and strokes more often in what stage?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
76. The country of Denmark would likely have a population pyramid of this shape
77. The country of Japan would likely have a pyramid of this shape
78. The country of Mexico would likely have a pyramid of this shape
79. The country of Brazil would likely have a pyramid of this shape
80. The country of Rwanda would likely have a pyramid of this shape
81. Countries is stage 2 have this pyramid
82. Countries in stage 3 have this pyramid
84. Countries in stage 4 have this pyramid
A B C
85. Secular culture is more likely to exist in countries with
A popular culture
B folk culture
C no culture
D all cultures
E none of the above
86. Locally made clothing and foods are more important to
A popular culture
B folk culture
C no culture
D all cultures
E none of the above
87. Lee Kwan Yew is an example of someone who believes in
A popular culture
B folk culture
C no culture
D all cultures
E none of the above
88. Heterogeneous mixes of people goes along with
A popular culture
B folk culture
C no culture
D all cultures
E none of the above
89. Saudi Arabia
90. Yemen
91. Afghanistan
92. Iraq
93. Iran
94. Israel
95. Turkey
96. T/F Sub-Saharan Africa does a better job of connecting people to the internet than the Middle East
97. T/F Spain translates more books into Spanish in one year than the Middle East does in around 500 years.
98. Malthus was
A a philosopher who believed population growth would be faster than the growth in food supply
B a philosopher whose ideas apply well to Rwanda and the crisis there
C was from 1800s England
D believed that people who have children at a dangerously increasing rate if allowed
E all of the above
99. The number of farmers to arable land refers to
A Arable density
B Physiological density
C Agricultural density
D Density
E None of the above
100. Cry because the test is not over and put the letter A down
101. In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of
A) homogeneous groups.
B) sense of family and community
C) groups living in isolated rural areas.
D) groups that have little interaction with other groups.
E) groups living in large cities
102. Popular culture is linked to the demographic transition chart in that it
A) tends to occur in MDC's
B) has family values that have changed to the point where alternate lifestyles and divorce are allowed
C) has values that shift over time
D) can be expected in countries like the U.S. where women are going to college in larger numbers than men
E) All of the above
103. According to the migration transition
A stage one countries have people that migrate to stage four countries
B stage two countries have people that migrate to stage four countries
C stage four countries have low birth rates and people emigrate to them especially if 4's wish to keep
their population stable or to get it to increase.
D people from stage two countries will not go to countries in stage three
E both B and C
104. Per capita means?
A. for each person
B. the number of countries below the poverty level
C. the distribution of wealth within a country
D. the spatial distribution of global wealth
E. the level of industry within a country
105. The large percentage of population involved in agriculture in China indicates that
A. the country imports most of its food.
B. few people are unemployed.
C. most people consume an inadequate amount of calories.
D. the country exports most of its food
E. most people must produce food for their own survival.
Berlin Conference
core-periphery
raw materials
monoeconomy
Tuesday, June 5, 2007
Help with homework
1. What was the slave trade and how did it affect Africa?
-who would they ideally take - think about the age and sex of people slave traders would want and how that would affect Africa.
-how would the demand for slavery create a potential for more war / tribes would be encouraged to gather people for the slave traders
-look up statistics and more info in your book or wikipedia
2. How did the European colonialism affect Africa?
-use your text - look up Berlin conference and think about the core-periphery model
3. Describe the tribal and chiefdom levels
-tribal and chiefdom are less developed than state level. They have a higher percentage of farmers / tend to be one ethnicity and hate outsiders / have less social stratification and less developed in terms of technology and their government types
4. How does the core-periphery model relate to the African colonialism?
the core periphery model is about trade and the core areas which are developed and those areas that are not developed providing raw materials and basic jobs for the core areas
5. How many differing tribes and languages in Nigeria today?
-research it
6. How does the GGS theory relate to Africa?
-think about how the Sahara desert and the north - south axis of Africa would affect its ability to develop - note that Africa did not develop farming to a high level until the Europeans invaded.